Q. A. Turchette, C. J. Hood, W. Lange, H. Mabuchi, H. J. Kimble,
"Measurement of conditional phase shifts for quantum logic,"
Phys. Rev. Lett., 75, 4710 (1995).
Measurements of the birefringence of a single atom strongly coupled to a high-finesse optical resonator are reported, with nonlinear phase shifts observed for intracavity photon number much less than one. A proposal to utilize the measured conditional phase shifts for implementing quantum logic via a quantum-phase gate (QPG) is considered. Within the context of a simple model for the transformation, the parameters of the "truth table" for the QPG are determined.
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